Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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All
are Bryophytes EXCEPT a. | hornworts. | b. | liverworts. | c. | lycopods. | d. | mosses. | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following produces no seeds? a. | cycads | b. | conifers | c. | horsetails | d. | ginkgos | e. | tomato | | |
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3.
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The
cuticle of a plant is primarily for a. | retention of water. | b. | conduction of
fluids. | c. | absorption of carbon dioxide. | d. | protection from
strong sunlight. | e. | all of these | | |
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4.
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Stomata are responsible for a. | water escape from the leaves. | b. | carbon dioxide
entry. | c. | mineral absorption. | d. | water escape
from the leaves and carbon dioxide entry. | e. | water escape from the leaves, carbon dioxide entry, and mineral
absorption. | | |
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5.
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In
the life cycle of primitive plants, which of the following predominates? a. | haploid
stage | b. | diploid stage | c. | large sporophyte
body | d. | both diploid
stage and large sporophyte body | e. | both haploid stage and large sporophyte
body | | |
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6.
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Gametophytes are a. | haploid plants that produce spores. | b. | diploid plants
that produce spores. | c. | haploid plants that produce gametes. | d. | diploid plants
that produce gametes. | e. | diploid or haploid plants that produce
gametes. | | |
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7.
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In
complex land plants the diploid stage is resistant to adverse environmental conditions, such as
dwindling water supplies and cold weather. The diploid stage progresses through which
sequence? a. | gametophyte
-> male and female gametes | b. | spores -> sporophyte | c. | zygote ->
sporophyte | d. | zygote -> gametophyte | | |
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8.
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The
increased complexity among the different divisions of land plants is paralleled by increased
complexity of which of the following? a. | male gamete | b. | female
gamete | c. | gametophyte | d. | sporophyte | e. | all of these | | |
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9.
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A
gametophyte is a. | a
gamete-producing plant. | b. | haploid. | c. | the plant
produced by the fusion of gametes. | d. | the dominant generation in the higher
plants. | e. | a gamete-producing plant and haploid. | | |
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10.
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All
but which of the following describe trends in plant evolution? a. | nonvascular to
vascular | b. | spores of two types to spores of one
type | c. | motile
gametes | d. | seedless to seeds | e. | haploid to
diploid dominance | | |
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11.
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The
first haploid cell in the life cycle of a plant is the a. | zygote. | b. | gamete. | c. | gametophyte
plant. | d. | spore. | e. | spore mother
cell. | | |
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12.
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Which
of the following is true concerning the male gametophyte? a. | The male
gametophyte develops from the pollen grain. | b. | The pollen grain
is the male gametophyte. | c. | The pollen grain develops from the male
gametophyte. | d. | The male gametophyte is the pollen
tube. | | |
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13.
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Which
of the following is true concerning seeds? a. | Ferns produce seeds. | b. | Seeds form from
the female gametophyte. | c. | Pollen grains mature into seeds. | d. | Most seeds are
heterosporous. | e. | All of these are true. | | |
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14.
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The
heterosporous condition led to evolution of a. | gymnosperms and angiosperms. | b. | pollen grains
and seeds. | c. | male and female plant parts. | d. | pollen grains
and seeds plus male and female plant parts. | e. | gymnosperms,
angiosperms, pollen grains and seeds plus male and female plant parts. | | |
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15.
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The
mosses and liverworts are members of which division? a. | Psilophyta | b. | Lycophyta | c. | Sphenophyta | d. | Bryophyta | e. | Pterophyta | | |
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16.
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Bryophytes differ from all other land plants in that they a. | possess swimming
sperm. | b. | have independent gametophytes and dependent
sporophytes. | c. | were the first forms to successfully invade
land. | d. | exhibit alternation of generations. | e. | possess
gametangia that produce sperm and eggs. | | |
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17.
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Which
of the following do not possess vascular tissue? a. | angiosperms | b. | bryophytes | c. | conifers | d. | ferns | e. | ginkgoes | | |
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18.
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All
but which of the following are bryophytes? a. | hornworts | b. | liverworts | c. | lycophytes | d. | mosses | | |
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19.
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Which
statement is false? a. | Mosses do not have xylem and phloem. | b. | Mosses do not
have true leaves. | c. | Mosses do not have true stems. | d. | Mosses use
rhizoids, not roots, for attachment and absorption. | e. | Mosses are
different from all other plants in that they have an independent sporophyte generation and a
dependent gametophyte generation. | | |
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20.
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In
horsetails, lycophytes, and ferns, a. | spores give rise to gametophytes. | b. | the main plant
body is a gametophyte. | c. | the sporophyte bears sperm- and egg-producing
organs. | d. | all of these | | |
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21.
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Which
of the following is NOT true of seedless vascular plants? a. | Sporophytes are
independent of gametophytes. | b. | Water is not needed for gamete
transport. | c. | Sporophytes have vascular tissue. | d. | Seeds are not
produced. | e. | Living members still exist. | | |
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22.
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Rhizomes in the whisk ferns serve the same function as __________ in more advanced
land plants. a. | leaves | b. | stems | c. | roots | d. | seeds | e. | flowers | | |
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23.
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The
feature of horsetails that was useful to pioneers of the American West was a. | rhizomes. | b. | silica in the stems. | c. | photosynthetic
cells. | d. | cones at the tips. | | |
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24.
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Ferns
are more advanced than mosses because mosses lack which structure found in ferns? a. | spores | b. | cuticle | c. | xylem | d. | sporophytes | e. | pollen | | |
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25.
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A
sorus is a. | a collection of
rust-colored disease spots on a fern. | b. | the fern gametophyte. | c. | an egg-producing
structure. | d. | where the sperm are produced. | e. | a collection of
sporangia. | | |
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26.
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Gymnosperms a. | were the first plants not to have swimming sperm and were
therefore freed from the need for water to reproduce. | b. | are divided into
two groups, the monocots and dicots. | c. | were the first plants to develop vascular
tissues. | d. | were the first plants to develop flowers to attract
insects. | | |
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27.
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The
first organisms that did not require water for reproduction were the a. | ferns. | b. | lycophytes. | c. | cycads. | d. | flowering plants. | e. | gymnosperms. | | |
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28.
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What
is the most appropriate term for a mature pollen grain? a. | megaspore | b. | microsporangium | c. | microgametophyte | d. | microgamete | e. | all of
these | | |
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29.
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What
are major sources of pulp, lumber, and numerous industrial products? a. | cycads | b. | ginkgos | c. | conifers | d. | hardwoods | e. | all of
these | | |
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30.
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The
vast majority of plant species are a. | algae. | b. | bryophytes. | c. | gymnosperms. | d. | angiosperms. | | |
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31.
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The
group of plants that has the most species is a. | mosses. | b. | ferns. | c. | gymnosperms. | d. | dicots. | e. | monocots. | | |
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32.
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All
but which of the following statements are true? a. | Mammals are vertebrates. | b. | Invertebrates
have no backbone. | c. | There are more vertebrate species than
invertebrates. | d. | The phylogenetic tree of animals begins with the
sponges. | e. | All of these statements are true. | | |
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33.
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Which
of the following characteristics is NOT true of most animal phyla? a. | multicellular | b. | organ systems | c. | heterotrophic | d. | diploid | e. | sexual
reproduction | | |
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34.
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The
second greatest number of species in an animal phylum is found in a. | nematodes. | b. | mollusks. | c. | platyhelminths. | d. | echinoderms. | e. | cnidarians. | | |
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35.
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Which
insulates various internal organs from the stresses of body-wall movement and bathes them in a liquid
through which nutrients and waste products can diffuse? a. | a
coelom | b. | mesoderm | c. | a
mantle | d. | a water-vascular system | e. | all of
these | | |
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36.
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All
animals are a. | multicellular,
heterotrophic, and diploid. | b. | multicellular, heterotrophic, and
haploid. | c. | multicellular, autotrophic, and
diploid. | d. | multicellular, autotrophic, and
haploid. | | |
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37.
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Creeping behavior and a mouth located toward the head end of the body may have led, in
some evolutionary lines, to a. | development of a circulatory system with
blood. | b. | sexual reproduction. | c. | feeding on
nutrients suspended in the water (filter feeding). | d. | concentration of
sense organs in the head region. | e. | radial symmetry. | | |
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38.
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Trichoplax is a a. | sponge. | b. | cnidarian. | c. | placozoan. | d. | roundworm. | e. | flatworm. | | |
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39.
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Sponges are a. | herbivores. | b. | filter
feeders. | c. | scavengers. | d. | predators. | e. | carnivores. | | |
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40.
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Cells
of the outer surface of a sponge obtain nutrients by a. | absorbing food
that diffuses from the central cavity. | b. | capturing food in their microvilli. | c. | absorbing food
distributed by amoeboid cells. | d. | phagocytosing bacteria and other small food
items. | | |
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41.
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Feeding in sponges is dependent on a. | collar cells. | b. | pores. | c. | water flow. | d. | pores and water
flow only. | e. | collar cells, pores, and water flow. | | |
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42.
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Which
of the following groups does NOT have tissues? a. | nematodes | b. | sponges | c. | echinoderms | d. | flatworms | e. | cnidarians | | |
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43.
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Gemmules a. | are used in respiration. | b. | capture
food. | c. | function in excretion. | d. | serve in
digestion. | e. | are reproductive agents. | | |
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44.
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Nematocysts are a. | reproductive cells. | b. | excretory
organs. | c. | sets of muscle cells. | d. | circulatory
cells. | e. | defensive cells. | | |
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45.
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In
the life cycle of a typical cnidarian, which of the following would likely be
free-swimming? a. | medusa | b. | polyp | c. | planula | d. | medusa and planula. | e. | medusa, polyp,
or planula depending on the season | | |
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46.
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The
bulk of a jellyfish consists of a. | mesoderm. | b. | mesohyl. | c. | mesophyll. | d. | mesoglea. | e. | mesogel. | | |
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47.
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Members of a colony would be described best by which of the following
words? a. | dependent | b. | independent | c. | interdependent | d. | nondependent | | |
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48.
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Mesoglea is found in which group? a. | sponges | b. | cnidarians | c. | nematodes | d. | annelids | e. | mollusks | | |
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49.
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A
planula is a. | a sedentary,
attached, tree-shaped form found in corals. | b. | a swimming
larval form with an outer ciliated epidermis. | c. | a kind of
parasitic worm. | d. | a fleshy lobe that extends laterally from the body wall of a
marine worm. | e. | a rasplike tongue. | | |
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50.
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Nematocysts are found only in a. | cnidarians. | b. | nematodes. | c. | crustaceans. | d. | echinoderms. | | |
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51.
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Which
body plan is characterized by simple gas exchange mechanisms, two-way traffic through a highly
branched, saclike gut, and a thin, flat body with all cells fairly close to the gut? a. | cnidarian | b. | nematode | c. | echinoderm | d. | flatworm | | |
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52.
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Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of a. | cnidarians. | b. | sponges. | c. | jellyfish. | d. | flatworms. | | |
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53.
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The
organs of excretion in flatworms are a. | nephridia. | b. | contractile
vacuoles. | c. | Malpighian tubules. | d. | protonephridia. | e. | book lungs. | | |
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54.
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Elephantiasis is caused by a blockage of the flow of a. | intestinal
contents. | b. | lymph. | c. | blood. | d. | urine. | | |
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55.
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Rotifers possess a. | cilia. | b. | stomach. | c. | protonephridia. | d. | nerve
cells. | e. | all of these | | |
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56.
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Which
are deuterostomes? a. | annelids | b. | chordates | c. | arthropods | d. | mollusks | e. | all of these | | |
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57.
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Which
of the following is NOT a protostome? a. | earthworm | b. | crayfish | c. | sea star | d. | squid | e. | clam | | |
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58.
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Which
of the following is applicable in describing a deuterostome? a. | spiral
cleavage | b. | first embryonic indentation becomes
mouth | c. | coelom develops from gut outpouchings | d. | mollusca | | |
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59.
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Which
of the following is true of deuterostomes? a. | Radial cleavage occurs. | b. | The first
opening that develops becomes the anus. | c. | The coelom arises from tissues at the side of the blastopore
(opening of gut). | d. | Radial cleavage occurs; and the first opening that develops
becomes the anus. | e. | Radial cleavage occurs; the first opening that develops becomes
the anus; and the coelom arises from tissues at the side of the blastopore (opening of
gut). | | |
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60.
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Bivalves lack which of the following molluskan features? a. | foot | b. | head | c. | mantle | d. | shells | e. | visceral mass | | |
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61.
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Which
of the following features do bivalves share with sponges? a. | lack of
symmetry | b. | flagellated collar cells | c. | suspension
feeding | d. | siphons | e. | none of
these | | |
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62.
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A
radula is which of the following? a. | foot | b. | feeding organ | c. | ear | d. | sensitive hair | e. | balance
organ | | |
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63.
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A
mantle is found only among the a. | arthropods. | b. | annelids. | c. | echinoderms. | d. | mollusks. | e. | chordates. | | |
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64.
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The
mollusks with the most complex nervous systems are a. | chitons. | b. | cephalopods. | c. | gastropods. | d. | bivalves. | | |
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65.
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Which
annelid structure may resemble the ancestral structure from which the vertebrate kidney
evolved? a. | trachea | b. | nephridium | c. | mantle | d. | parapods | e. | none of
these | | |
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66.
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Earthworms can perform all but which of the following? a. | chewing of
food | b. | respiration | c. | tillage of the soil | d. | movement using
setae | e. | excretion of water | | |
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67.
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Which
annelid structure may resemble the ancestral structure from which the vertebrate kidney
evolved? a. | trachea | b. | nephridium | c. | mantle | d. | parapods | e. | none of
these | | |
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68.
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The
movement of earthworms is dependent on a. | circular muscles. | b. | longitudinal
muscles. | c. | hydrostatic skeleton. | d. | setae. | e. | all of these | | |
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69.
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Which
of the following is NOT related to the other three? a. | free-living
flatworms | b. | earthworms | c. | flukes | d. | tapeworms | | |
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70.
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Which
of the following has a gut with two openings, a mouth and an anus? a. | Cnidaria | b. | Annelida | c. | Platyhelminthes | d. | Porifera | | |
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71.
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The
animal group that contains the greatest number of named species is a. | mollusks. | b. | arthropods. | c. | nematodes. | d. | chordates. | | |
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72.
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Which
adaptation has contributed to the success of the insects? a. | specialized
sensory organs | b. | wings | c. | high
reproductive capacity | d. | specialized sensory organs and wings | e. | specialized
sensory organs, wings, and high reproductive capacity | | |
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73.
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The
unique tissue adaptation for respiration used by many arthropods, including insects,
is a. | gills. | b. | lunglike chambers. | c. | tracheae. | d. | mantle. | e. | pedipalps. | | |
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74.
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Molting in arthropods involves primarily a change in a. | body form and
maturity. | b. | sex. | c. | body size. | d. | eating
habits. | e. | sensory structures. | | |
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75.
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Which
of the following is a disadvantage of an exoskeleton? a. | It must be shed
for its owner to grow. | b. | It does not provide as efficient a muscle anchorage as an
endoskeleton. | c. | It allows for excess water loss. | d. | It is not
flexible enough to allow a full range of movement. | e. | It is not able
to absorb pigments for sufficient camouflage. | | |
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76.
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The
most successful forms of life that have ever evolved are the a. | vertebrates. | b. | insects. | c. | humans. | d. | protozoans. | e. | mollusks | | |
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77.
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Spiders use which of the following mouthparts for subduing prey? a. | mandibles | b. | pedipalps | c. | chelicerae | d. | maxillae | e. | labial
palps | | |
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78.
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Which
animal belongs to a subphylum different from that of the other four? a. | tick | b. | shrimp | c. | mite | d. | spider | e. | scorpion | | |
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79.
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Which
of the following groups can be distinguished from the other arthropods by its possession of two pairs
of antennae? a. | insects | b. | millipedes | c. | chelicerates | d. | crustaceans | e. | trilobites | | |
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80.
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What
is the crustacean appendage that is used for chewing food? a. | antenna | b. | pedipalp | c. | mandible | d. | maxilla | e. | carapace | | |
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81.
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Based
on the criterion of segmentation, which organism most closely resembles the earliest ancestral
arthropod? a. | dragonfly | b. | millipede | c. | tick | d. | crab | | |
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82.
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A
wormlike arthropod with a flattened body and carnivorous eating habits would be identified as
a a. | crustacean. | b. | millipede. | c. | spider. | d. | trilobite. | e. | centipede. | | |
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83.
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In
the course of evolution, the thorax of an insect has become specialized for a. | digestion. | b. | reproduction. | c. | locomotion. | d. | excretion. | e. | sensation | | |
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84.
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All
of the following adaptations have contributed to the success of the insects EXCEPT a. | specialized
sensory organs | b. | wings | c. | high
reproductive capacity | d. | aquatic habitat | e. | small body
size | | |
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85.
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Which
of the following is NOT an organ for excreting excess water from the body? a. | nephridium | b. | flame cell | c. | trachea | d. | Malpighian tubule | e. | siphon | | |
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86.
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A
water-vascular system is characteristic of the a. | arthropods. | b. | annelids. | c. | chordates. | d. | mollusks. | e. | echinoderms. | | |
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87.
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The
water-vascular system is used primarily for a. | excretion of excess water. | b. | locomotion. | c. | respiration. | d. | circulation. | e. | sensation. | | |
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88.
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The
most unusual feature of the echinoderms is a. | a motile larval form. | b. | the presence of
a radula. | c. | radial symmetry. | d. | a water-vascular
system. | e. | the protonephridial network. | | |
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89.
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The
only chordate feature still present in the human adult is a. | pharyngeal gill
slits. | b. | nerve cord. | c. | notochord. | d. | tail. | e. | all of
these | | |
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90.
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In
filter-feeding chordates, which structure has cilia that create water currents and mucous sheets that
capture nutrients suspended in the water? a. | notochord | b. | differentially
permeable membrane | c. | filiform tongue | d. | gill
slit | e. | jaw | | |
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91.
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Which
of the following is a diagnostic feature of the sea squirts that forms the basis for its
classification? a. | metamorphosis
from a motile larva to a sessile adult | b. | a heart that allows circulation of
blood | c. | a notochord located in the tail of the
larva | d. | sexual reproduction during the larval
stage | e. | the presence of a tunic or coat over the body of the
adult | | |
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92.
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