Name: 
 

Exam 3, Advanced Biology (June 2004)


Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

1. 
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere approximates how many parts per million?
a.
3.5
b.
35
c.
350
d.
3,500
e.
35,000
 

2. 
The soil described as a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and humus is
a.
humus.
b.
sand.
c.
soil.
d.
loam.
e.
silt.
 

3. 
The most productive soil is
a.
humus.
b.
sand.
c.
soil.
d.
loam.
e.
silt.
 

4. 
Plants in general require a total of how many essential elements for their growth and survival?
a.
6
b.
12
c.
16
d.
22
e.
28
 

5. 
Which element is found as a component of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and coenzymes?
a.
nitrogen
b.
potassium
c.
sulfur
d.
phosphorus
e.
magnesium
 

6. 
Which element activates enzymes used in protein, starch, or sugar synthesis and helps maintain water-solute balance?
a.
nitrogen
b.
potassium
c.
sulfur
d.
phosphorus
e.
magnesium
 

7. 
Which element is a component of chlorophyll and activates enzymes used in photosynthesis, respiration, and protein synthesis?
a.
nitrogen
b.
potassium
c.
sulfur
d.
phosphorus
e.
magnesium
 

8. 
Which is a micronutrient?
a.
sulfur
b.
calcium
c.
phosphorus
d.
manganese
e.
magnesium
 

9. 
Mycorrhizae are
a.
roots.
b.
bacteria.
c.
fungus-roots.
d.
isolated plants.
e.
small animals found in agricultural soils.
 

10. 
The water and minerals absorbed by the roots usually first enter the
a.
pericycle.
b.
vascular tissue.
c.
cortex.
d.
root hairs.
e.
endodermis.
 

11. 
Mineral uptake in plants occurs by way of
a.
leaves.
b.
roots.
c.
stems.
d.
phloem.
e.
flowers.
 

12. 
Most of the water that enters the plant
a.
leaves the plant through the root system.
b.
is lost through transpiration.
c.
remains in the plant to form the high concentration of water in plant tissue.
d.
remains in the plant to function in translocation.
e.
is used up in cellular metabolism.
 

13. 
Which theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to maintain a continuous fluid column as water is pulled from roots to leaves?
a.
pressure flow
b.
evaporation
c.
cohesion
d.
abscission
e.
fusion
 

14. 
Which of the following causes transpiration?
a.
hydrogen bonding
b.
the drying power of air
c.
cohesion
d.
turgor pressure
e.
all of these
 

15. 
The waxy covering of the leaf is the
a.
cuticle.
b.
epidermis.
c.
Casparian strip.
d.
stomata.
e.
none of these
 

16. 
The cells that surround stomata are
a.
endodermal cells.
b.
guard cells.
c.
mesophyll cells.
d.
vascular bundle cells.
e.
vessel cells.
 

17. 
Water uptake depends on
a.
abscisic acid.
b.
cohesion.
c.
the concentration gradient.
d.
active transport.
e.
potassium pump.
 

18. 
Sugars are carried throughout the plant in which tissue?
a.
cortex
b.
parenchyma
c.
xylem
d.
phloem
e.
cambium
 

19. 
Insects used to study the process of translocation in plants are the
a.
aphids.
b.
fruit flies.
c.
cockroaches.
d.
termites.
e.
grasshoppers.
 

20. 
The source region in the pressure flow explanation of phloem transport is most often the
a.
root.
b.
flower.
c.
stem.
d.
leaf.
e.
soil.
 

21. 
The sink region in the pressure flow explanation of phloem transport could be
a.
growing leaves.
b.
seeds.
c.
fruits.
d.
roots.
e.
all of these
 

22. 
Large pressure gradients arise in sieve tube systems by means of
a.
vernalization.
b.
abscission.
c.
osmosis.
d.
transpiration.
e.
all of these
 

23. 
The evolution of flowers and insects is an example of
a.
parallel evolution.
b.
regressive evolution.
c.
coevolution.
d.
convergent evolution.
e.
divergent evolution.
 

24. 
Insects are attracted to flowers by
a.
nectaries.
b.
specific colors.
c.
specific color patterns.
d.
floral odors.
e.
all of these
 

25. 
Bees use what wavelength to see patterns in flowers that humans cannot see?
a.
infrared light
b.
visible light
c.
ultraviolet light
d.
gamma radiation
e.
X-rays
 

26. 
Which color are most insects unable to see?
a.
yellow
b.
blue
c.
red
d.
green
e.
orange
 

27. 
Foul-smelling flowers may be pollinated by
a.
birds.
b.
beetles and flies.
c.
bees and bumblebees.
d.
wasps.
e.
bugs and butterflies.
 

28. 
Bees will NOT visit flowers of what color?
a.
red
b.
blue
c.
yellow
d.
purple
e.
white
 

29. 
Which statement is false?
a.
Flowers are reproductive shoots.
b.
Trees are gametophytes.
c.
Sporophyte plants reproduce asexually.
d.
Cells produced by mitosis are clones.
e.
Gametophytes are haploid.
 

30. 
Which of the following develops into seed?
a.
flower
b.
ovary
c.
carpel
d.
ovule
e.
pistil
 

31. 
The male part of a flower is the
a.
carpel.
b.
stamen.
c.
petal.
d.
sepal.
e.
pistil.
 

32. 
The male part of a flower includes the
a.
carpel.
b.
stigma.
c.
filament.
d.
anther.
e.
both the filament and anther.
 

33. 
Stamens contain
a.
petals.
b.
sepals.
c.
stigmas.
d.
ovules.
e.
anthers.
 

34. 
A stamen is
a.
composed of a stigma, a style, and an ovary.
b.
the mature male gametophyte.
c.
the site where microspores are produced.
d.
part of the vegetative phase of an angiosperm.
e.
none of these
 

35. 
The corolla is made up of
a.
sepals.
b.
petals.
c.
pistils.
d.
pollen grains.
e.
anthers.
 

36. 
Which of the following are produced within the anthers?
a.
ovules
b.
stamens
c.
microspores
d.
female gametophytes
e.
none of these
 

37. 
The protective layers covering the ovule are the
a.
nucellus.
b.
endosperm.
c.
integuments.
d.
micropyle.
e.
embryo sac.
 

38. 
Megaspores
a.
are haploid.
b.
are found in the embryo sac.
c.
will develop into the gametophyte.
d.
are female rather than male.
e.
all of these
 

39. 
The megaspore eventually divides into how many cells to form the embryo sac prior to fertilization?
a.
3
b.
4
c.
7
d.
8
e.
16
 

40. 
Pollination occurs on the
a.
micropyle.
b.
stigma.
c.
style.
d.
anther.
e.
embryo sac.
 

41. 
The pollen tube grows to or through which of the following?
a.
stigma
b.
style
c.
ovary
d.
micropyle
e.
all of these
 

42. 
The endosperm is
a.
diploid.
b.
tetraploid.
c.
polyploid.
d.
triploid.
e.
haploid.
 

43. 
The zygote is
a.
diploid.
b.
tetraploid.
c.
polyploid.
d.
triploid.
e.
haploid.
 

44. 
Wind-pollinated plants
a.
include grasses.
b.
include deciduous trees.
c.
are usually found in dry, windy areas.
d.
do not have large, showy flowers and may not even have petals.
e.
all of these
 

45. 
The seed coat forms from the
a.
zygote.
b.
cotyledon.
c.
nucellus.
d.
integuments.
e.
micropyle.
 

46. 
What kind of fruit is formed from carpels of several associated flowers?
a.
aggregate
b.
simple
c.
multiple
d.
fleshy
e.
dry
 

47. 
A seed leaf is which of the following?
a.
embryo
b.
coleoptile
c.
endosperm
d.
cotyledon
e.
suspensor
 

48. 
Each of the following is a simple fruit EXCEPT
a.
pea.
b.
maple.
c.
strawberry.
d.
wheat.
e.
sunflower.
 

49. 
The seeds of fleshy fruits are most likely to be spread by
a.
animals.
b.
water.
c.
wind.
d.
explosion.
e.
insects.
 

50. 
Strawberries reproduce by
a.
runners.
b.
corms.
c.
bulbs.
d.
tubers.
e.
rhizomes.
 

51. 
Grasses reproduce by
a.
runners.
b.
corms.
c.
bulbs.
d.
tubers.
e.
rhizomes.
 

52. 
The most critical factor affecting seed germination is
a.
increasing day length.
b.
oxygen availability.
c.
water absorption.
d.
warmth.
e.
none is most critical; all are equal.
 

53. 
The resumption of growth after a period of arrested embryonic development is
a.
senescence.
b.
germination.
c.
imbibition.
d.
parthenogenesis.
e.
thigmotropism.
 

54. 
2,4-D, a potent dicot weed killer, is a synthetic
a.
auxin.
b.
gibberellin.
c.
cytokinin.
d.
phytochrome.
e.
none of these
 

55. 
The plant hormone that is gaseous is
a.
auxin.
b.
gibberellin.
c.
cytokinin.
d.
florigen.
e.
ethylene.
 

56. 
The plant hormone that promotes cell division is
a.
auxin.
b.
gibberellin.
c.
cytokinin.
d.
florigen.
e.
ethylene.
 

57. 
A plant hormone whose existence is conjectured but that has NOT been isolated or identified is
a.
auxin.
b.
gibberellin.
c.
cytokinin.
d.
florigen.
e.
ethylene.
 

58. 
The plant hormone that promotes dormancy in plants and seeds is
a.
abscisic acid.
b.
auxin.
c.
gibberellin acid.
d.
ethylene.
e.
none of these
 

59. 
The function of a coleoptile is
a.
food production.
b.
food storage.
c.
protection.
d.
translocation.
e.
absorption of water and minerals.
 

60. 
Studies on the growth of coleoptiles involve
a.
florigen.
b.
ethylene.
c.
auxin.
d.
abscisic acid.
e.
gibberellin.
 

61. 
The primary root of a seedling grows down
a.
to avoid light.
b.
in response to gravity.
c.
because the cells on the top of the root grow faster than those on the bottom of the root.
d.
in response to different concentrations of auxin.
e.
for all of these reasons except to avoid light.
 

62. 
Which of the following is NOT promoted by the active form of phytochrome?
a.
seed germination
b.
root growth
c.
leaf expansion
d.
stem branching
e.
flower formation
 

63. 
Rhythms that are repeated every 24 hours are collectively and specifically known as
a.
sleep movements.
b.
tropisms.
c.
biorhythms.
d.
circadian rhythms.
e.
the biological clock.
 

64. 
The active form of phytochrome is known as
a.
Pp.
b.
Pr.
c.
Pfr.
d.
Pl.
e.
Pst.
 

65. 
Active phytochrome controls
a.
flowering and seed set.
b.
seed germination.
c.
stem branching and elongation.
d.
expansion of leaves.
e.
all of these
 

66. 
The value of a plant's sleep movements is possibly that they
a.
block moonlight from the lower leaves.
b.
reduce the amount of heat lost from the plant at night.
c.
allow heat transfer between leaves.
d.
speed the process of translocation between plant parts.
e.
block moonlight from the lower leaves and reduce the amount of heat lost from the plant at night.
 

67. 
Day-neutral plants are
a.
short-day plants.
b.
able to bloom when they are old enough.
c.
night-blooming plants.
d.
triggered to bloom by cold weather.
e.
none of these
 

68. 
Which statement is true?
a.
Long-day plants will never bloom in the tropics.
b.
Short-day plants bloom around noon.
c.
Short-day plants bloom in midsummer.
d.
Cocklebur is an example of a long-day plant.
e.
The flowering of day-neutral plants is controlled by the duration of darkness, not the duration of light.
 

69. 
Short-day plants
a.
flower in late summer.
b.
will not bloom until they have been exposed to a dark period longer than a critical length.
c.
flower in the fall.
d.
will not bloom if their dark period is interrupted by two to five minutes of light.
e.
all of these
 

70. 
"Day-neutral plants
a.
only grow at night.
b.
require equal periods of light and darkness.
c.
flower when mature.
d.
require shady areas to grow.
 

71. 
The aging of a plant is known as
a.
senescence.
b.
vernalization.
c.
abscission.
d.
dormancy.
e.
chlorosis.
 

72. 
The tissue that lines internal surfaces of the body is
a.
epithelial.
b.
loose connective.
c.
supportive connective.
d.
fibrous.
e.
adipose.
 

73. 
Which junction influences the passage of ions and small molecules between cells?
a.
gap
b.
adhering
c.
loose
d.
tight
e.
plasma
 

74. 
The type of epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach, intestinal tract, and part of the respiratory tract is
a.
simple cuboidal.
b.
simple squamous.
c.
simple columnar.
d.
stratified.
e.
stratified columnar.
 

75. 
Exocrine glands secrete
a.
enzymes.
b.
sweat.
c.
milk.
d.
saliva.
e.
all of these
 

76. 
Which of the following is NOT included in connective tissues?
a.
bone
b.
skeletal muscle
c.
cartilage
d.
collagen
e.
blood
 

77. 
What type of tissue is blood?
a.
epithelial
b.
muscular
c.
connective
d.
adipose
e.
noncellular fluid
 

78. 
Adipose tissue cells are filled with
a.
minerals.
b.
fat.
c.
cartilage.
d.
fibers.
e.
muscles.
 

79. 
Cardiac muscle cells are
a.
involuntary.
b.
voluntary.
c.
striated.
d.
slow contracting.
e.
both involuntary and striated.
 

80. 
Chemical and structural bridges link groups or layers of like cells, uniting them in structure and function as a cohesive
a.
organ.
b.
organ system.
c.
tissue.
d.
cuticle.
 

81. 
Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of organization in the human body?
a.
cells ® tissues ® organ systems ® organs
b.
cells ® tissues ® organs ® organ systems
c.
tissues ® cells ® organs ® organ systems
d.
tissues ® organs ® cells ® organ systems
 

82. 
What we usually call the "back" of the human body is really the
a.
anterior.
b.
posterior.
c.
inferior.
d.
superior.
 

83. 
Somatic cells can form all but which of the following?
a.
gametes
b.
epithelia
c.
muscles
d.
digestive organs
e.
Somatic cells form all of these.
 

84. 
The endocrine system functions in
a.
conduction.
b.
contraction.
c.
hormonal control of body functioning.
d.
protection against disease.
e.
cell production.
 

85. 
Which system is involved with body movement?
a.
endocrine system
b.
nervous system
c.
muscular system
d.
respiratory system
e.
skeletal system
 

86. 
Integration of body functions is controlled by the